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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Matplotlib</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Matplotlib</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><div class="infobox-caption">Screenshot of Matplotlib plots and code</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="John_D._Hunter" title="John D. Hunter">John D. Hunter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Michael Droettboom, <i>et al.</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">2003<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2003</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">3.10.3<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-c529586cf2472d9f0a75e6cbe1f73166e039146f-v20_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c529586cf2472d9f0a75e6cbe1f73166e039146f-v20-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 

/ 9 May 2025<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">9 May 2025</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib">github<wbr>.com<wbr>/matplotlib<wbr>/matplotlib</a></span> </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_engine" title="Software engine">Engine</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Cairo_(graphics)" title="Cairo (graphics)"> Cairo</a>, <a href="Anti-Grain_Geometry" title="Anti-Grain Geometry">Anti-Grain Geometry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="List_of_graphing_software" class="mw-redirect" title="List of graphing software">Plotting</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://matplotlib.org/users/license.html">Matplotlib license</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://matplotlib.org">matplotlib<wbr>.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Matplotlib</b> (portmanteau of <a href="MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a>, plot, and library<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="Plotter" title="Plotter">plotting</a> <a href="Library_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Library (computer science)">library</a> for the <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> <a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> and its <a href="Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis">numerical mathematics</a> extension <a href="NumPy" title="NumPy">NumPy</a>. It provides an <a href="Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a> <a href="API" title="API">API</a> for embedding plots into applications using general-purpose <a href="GUI_toolkit" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI toolkit">GUI toolkits</a> like <a href="Tkinter" title="Tkinter">Tkinter</a>, <a href="WxPython" title="WxPython">wxPython</a>, <a href="Qt_(software)" title="Qt (software)">Qt</a>, or <a href="GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a>. There is also a <a href="Procedural_programming" title="Procedural programming">procedural</a> "pylab" interface based on a <a href="State_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="State machine">state machine</a> (like <a href="OpenGL" title="OpenGL">OpenGL</a>), designed to closely resemble that of <a href="MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a>, though its use is discouraged.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="SciPy" title="SciPy">SciPy</a> makes use of Matplotlib.

</p><p>Matplotlib was originally written by <a href="John_D._Hunter" title="John D. Hunter">John D. Hunter</a>. Since then it has had an active development community<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is distributed under a <a href="BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">BSD-style license</a>. Michael Droettboom was nominated as matplotlib's lead developer shortly before John Hunter's death in August 2012<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was further joined by Thomas Caswell.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matplotlib is a NumFOCUS fiscally sponsored project.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div>

<p>Matplotlib is used in scientific research as a tool for data visualization. For example, the <a href="Event_Horizon_Telescope" title="Event Horizon Telescope">Event Horizon Telescope</a> collaboration used Matplotlib to produce visualizations during the effort to create the first image of a black hole.<sup id="cite_ref-NumPyBlackHole_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NumPyBlackHole-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matplotlib also underpins the plotting functionality of many scientific <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> libraries (for instance, <a href="Pandas_(software)" title="Pandas (software)">pandas</a> uses Matplotlib as its default backend for plotting). Its importance to the scientific community has been acknowledged by institutions such as <a href="NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, which in 2024 awarded a grant to support Matplotlib’s continued development as part of an initiative to fund widely used open-source scientific software.<sup id="cite_ref-NASAOpenSource_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAOpenSource-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>In education and data science, Matplotlib is frequently used to teach programming and data visualization. It integrates with <a href="Jupyter_Notebook" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupyter Notebook">Jupyter Notebook</a>, allowing students and instructors to generate inline plots and interactively explore data within a notebook environment.<sup id="cite_ref-JupyterNature_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JupyterNature-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many educational institutions incorporate Matplotlib into their curricula for teaching STEM concepts,<sup id="cite_ref-MatplotlibTutorial_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MatplotlibTutorial-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is widely featured in tutorials, workshops, and open online courses as a primary plotting library.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_projects">Related projects</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="DISLIN" title="DISLIN">DISLIN</a></li>

<li><a href="GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave">GNU Octave</a></li>

<li><a href="Plotly" title="Plotly">Plotly</a> – for interactive, online Matplotlib and Python graphs</li>

<li><a href="PLplot" title="PLplot">PLplot</a> – Python bindings available</li>

<li><a href="SageMath" title="SageMath">SageMath</a> – uses <code>Matplotlib</code> to draw plots</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://matplotlib.org/users/license.html#copyright-policy">"Copyright Policy"</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-NASAOpenSource-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NASAOpenSource_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-funds-open-source-software-underpinning-scientific-innovation/">"NASA Funds Open-Source Software Underpinning Scientific Innovation"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://matplotlib.org">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Scientific_software_in_Python63" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Scientific software in <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="NumPy" title="NumPy">NumPy</a></li>

<li><a href="SciPy" title="SciPy">SciPy</a></li>

<li><a href="Pandas_(software)" title="Pandas (software)">pandas</a></li>

<li><a href="Scikit-learn" title="Scikit-learn">scikit-learn</a></li>

<li><a href="Scikit-image" title="Scikit-image">scikit-image</a></li>

<li><a href="MayaVi" title="MayaVi">MayaVi</a></li>

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